![]() Gastroenteritis: inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that usually manifests with acute diarrhea, vomiting, and/or abdominal pain.Infectious gastroenteritis in children and Clostridioides difficile infection are covered separately in their respective articles. Stool cultures followed by empiric antibiotic therapy may be considered in patients with severe gastroenteritis and/or risk factors for complicated disease (e.g., those who are immunocompromised). For mild disease courses, diagnostic studies are not usually required, and since the disease is usually self-limiting, patients often only require supportive therapy (e.g., oral rehydration and antiemetics). Clinical features can be mild, manifesting as abdominal pain and diarrhea, nausea, and/or vomiting, or severe, e.g., sepsis, intense abdominal pain, and/or significant dehydration from severe diarrhea and/or vomiting. Transmission is commonly fecal-oral, foodborne, or waterborne and therefore education on food and water hygiene is crucial for preventing disease. However, it can also be caused by bacteria (e.g., Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Vibrio cholerae, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Clostridioides difficile), fungi, or parasites, such as protozoans (e.g., giardiasis, or cryptosporidiosis) or helminths (e.g., nematodes, or cestodes). 2012 55:33–41.Infectious gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that is most commonly caused by viruses (e.g., norovirus, rotavirus, enteric adenovirus). Risk factors for the hemolytic uremic syndrome in children infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7: a multivariable analysis. 2017 infectious diseases Society of America Clinical Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of infectious diarrhea. Norovirus and medically attended gastroenteritis in U.S. Changing patterns in enteric fever incidence and increasing antibiotic resistance of enteric fever isolates in the United States, 2008–2012. ![]() Indirect protection of adults from rotavirus by pediatric rotavirus vaccination. KeywordsĪnderson EJ, Shippee DB, Weinrobe MH, et al. Frequent handwashing is encouraged for other household members and for the staff and attendees of the childcare facility. It is not necessary for asymptomatic contacts to undergo stool culture testing to remain in daycare. He will be permitted to return to daycare when he is no longer incontinent of stool and when he returns to a stool frequency of 3 or fewer per day (no more than 2 above normal baseline frequency). At baseline, the boy typically has one stool daily. He is treated with supportive care since antibiotic therapy can prolong intestinal carriage of the pathogen. Stool cultures show the presence of a non-lactose fermenting, oxidase-negative, Gram-negative rod subsequently identified as Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis. On two of those occasions, he passed diarrheal stool before reaching the bathroom. In the last 24 hours, he has had nine episodes of diarrhea. He was well until yesterday when he developed fevers to 102 ☏, abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea. A 4-year-old boy is evaluated by his pediatrician for bloody diarrhea.
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